![实战八卦64散手掌](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/510/686510/b_686510.jpg)
第一路
第一掌 进步挑掌(
)泽天夬
夬卦阳刚长盛,阴柔将消尽。终之以夬而言阴阳消长、进退、盛衰、存亡,此正于篇首的乾刚相照应,无非是说六十四皆乾坤刚柔的具体变化。夬卦卦体上兑()下乾(
),兑为泽,乾为天,泽水上于天为大泽,盈满溃决倾泻而下,洪水滔天,故称夬。
1.十字当胸
左掌前伸并上起,使左手大指甲根(中商穴)与右手大指甲尖相接。左手的少商穴正对自己的鼻尖。(图1-1)
2.跟步回抱
重心前移至右足,左足向前跟步。肚脐收回,左脚尖与右脚跟相贴。想两手心贴前心,双手有相抱之意,八个指尖向外,两个大指朝天,夹脊有凉气,肚脐向里瘪。(图1-2)
3.左挑左进
左手朝后对正脸,向上伸,尾闾向下坐,注意向下撤右手,左手自然向上。当挑起至左头顶后,翻转成手心朝前,左手上挑要接上空,与右足成上下直线。同时左足前伸,右掌前按,右手追左脚,手心向前。(图1-3)
【技击用法】设敌(白衣者)以右手截我右手,我以左掌挑起敌之右臂,并以右掌进击敌之胸部。(图1-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-sUTKLwAkyTiRHazwygh7SLWvPdMMdw0Z-0-a8eeee5860d81d523fccac56591bb3dc)
图1-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-4PyVbRQL6Ofi2CiGYcrVSiEhBLdeWvpv-0-0fa18a08e038837e4686f82da14949ed)
图1-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-blS7SQf57T55hjXWV4FNgZjLaOjTYF9w-0-1b937df68f74162111b29bde24c2f056)
图1-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-q7jw0HeVzzhyYYKMerxeiQ0CEnS5xfPr-0-f2034d7fc1bd1af0ac2a7c0eda92aedd)
图1-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-QDo2TkiDhM0UAf07BUw93mriJOsSJCU9-0-94a2e7eedbea96cae88f1dc7c0a6d191)
图1-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0065_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-tu1IOeStZvqvMH1V3vkhujg2Fj8HSM4c-0-c7c17c82222f88a75559aa92c00f7bb4)
图1-6
第二掌 狮子捧球(
)泽地萃(
)
“萃,聚也。”物相遇而后聚,故受之以萃。萃卦卦体上兑()下坤(
),兑为泽,坤为地,是泽水居于地上。泽水聚合盈满高出地面,只能筑堤以防水患,随时都有溃决的危险。
1.右拨左开
想右阳陵,右手自去。再想左阳陵。右掌向下向左拨,左足向左横开一步,重心移至左足,右足向左足跟步。同时,右臂垂于体前,掌心朝左,掌指朝下。左臂微屈。目前下视。(图2-1)
2.右摇左扬
右掌向左再向上向右再向下摇。右手摇一圈,左掌上扬,不要用力。使右手背贴右大腿根。左臂上举,左腿直立。(图2-2)
3.进步双捧
右脚向右前方上步成右半马步。右手向左上后提再向右前发出。左肘找右膝,右膝往外;右肘在软肋处,右肘找左膝,左膝往外,敞膝而裹裆。重心左七右三。双手如捧球状。左手心向上,手指向后回指,有贴地之意。右手心向前。扬左臂,沉左肘抻右膝。(图2-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手击我右肋,我以右小臂下挂并圈挑敌之右臂,以右掌掖击敌之右软肋,并以左掌推击敌之右肩。(图2-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-O6IqcXPhG0lPjxixkUumv2ZqmkXa4pNN-0-92992a95a52862cd69d773ef1d0b170b)
图2-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-n0GNGBh80qDEH4lDJ7ZBD4997epFK5md-0-9cf1913c1f473a58509526a3533fa766)
图2-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-MtBvJnZNiTBrM3H0CbkudABl0UqK1BZI-0-75749bcc6903a4b70c52650687d7ace9)
图2-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-NRpJIdZoCv24Z1PNapx6GpsU7oS9cY0H-0-462ffcb4fb6fe7d18a83e1d2a89c5817)
图2-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-MEiCbHe2OBMZNTVFtCaliJedjtMDiCOQ-0-891340510477feaee33ff3429c97ce2a)
图2-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0067_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-uNgs0pvDWRo93iIDVqdQHplhtuqAPuyQ-0-44c713c2fee5f0044b989ed4ab13c475)
图2-6
第三掌 进步掖撞(
)水雷屯
屯卦下震()上坎(
),震为雷,坎为雨,震雷在下坎雨在上,只见阴阳二气郁结交密充于整个空间,但云雷而未成雨,故称云雷屯。屯为天地阴阳始交而怀育,新的生命降临于世,前途是大通而无限。
1.右研左提
身体重心移到右足。眼神放到右前方,眼先到,右掌追神,气到右指尖,右手向西南时左手为擎天柱。左脚追上,随即向后回撤。变脸眼看左前方(东南),右手到东南,左足到右足后,接着又回撤。右手出来又回去划一圈。右手从左肋下向后追风池,看东北,右手到左肋;想摸风池,想风池,右手向右后研掌,手心向上,意从右后追风池穴。最后变为右手心朝下。重心前移右足,左足提起。(图3-1)
2.右掖左进
左足向前落地,右手心向下,右掌向前掖。左足尖向前一点,右手右足进。(图3-2)
3.进步扒撞
左掌落右掌手背,左掌贴到右手背就离,向地扒掌,同时右足向前进步。右掌自然有向前之力。双足成三七开,左膝与脚尖垂直,右膝与脚腕垂直。将神领起,手上自然就有了。(图3-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手击我胸前,我以右掌轻浮于敌右小臂上面平转后,从敌右小臂下面绕钻进去掖撞其胸部。(图3-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-E4xDCCPUoJflVqHmVqyrB7VXB6G4jG0Q-0-ba9064511005265845ec32d19575016d)
图3-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-IwuqDWrsT5pQN1Lxs8MIgLKV8ISpIY10-0-dae38b41b8e899ff64ab85d38cc88b57)
图3-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-mqNSutwTIgIhdGazalQz9N1yfMbDqAD2-0-2f3111f7771a5dcf0cab4bd5fa9d48eb)
图3-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-rrRxA15gNSXrdEtSj0nJ2px5iepW8YjN-0-c2aa868775a6abc6dd69cedd56109846)
图3-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-xG6EEblJAZeBtjnzf3cJ0yY0HlUdNtAX-0-e60021b7ed5c1c581c14b3211b49aadc)
图3-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0069_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-HQ17eK0fVKl4t8AJLzpfSiRI9ktb0Sx2-0-6a67edfb3aa144b0c038cdf14d1079eb)
图3-6
第四掌 猛虎跳涧(
)天火同人
同人卦五刚一柔,以一柔为主。又得下体之中,上与乾()相应,故言:“柔得位得中而应乎乾。”下离(
)因一柔应五阳,说明上下远近皆与它心同志同,此即与人相和同。同人卦所强调的是统一和同一,唯统一和同一才能达到中和,也才能与人相和同而不争。
1.右采右提
身体微右转,重心后移,左腿直立,右腿屈膝高提。同时,右掌向前下按,掌心朝下,虎口朝前。目前下视。(图4-1)
2.左拨右转
左掌向右拨,身体向右转,同时左脚蹬地跳起,右脚落地支撑,左腿屈膝高提。同时,左掌由下经左向前向下划圆至左膝外侧,掌心朝下,虎口朝前。目前下视。(图4-2)
3.左弓右栽
左足向前落步,重心前移成左弓步,同时右掌握拳由下经后向上向前贯击,拳面朝前,拳眼朝下。左掌由下经右向前上划弧,左臂屈于体前,肘尖朝下,左掌护在右腕处。掌心朝右,掌指朝上。目前平视。这个贯击,栽捶要拳眼朝下,打对方的中心线,到其腰上。(图4-3)
【技击用法】设敌以两脚轮踢我两肋,我以两掌按破之。若敌又以右手击我胸部,我以左掌拨破后,以右拳贯击敌之头面或胸部。(图4-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-S7i0hdW4Hk612D0IITvwdDEQgU1KT6ZB-0-2864bc7b5f56b1641d686b07d4b4986d)
图4-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-WZEGPbhoce1Yi25gqcDhjcrSsWeK4bNY-0-bf70cdca0dae88a24fadabe9bd735263)
图4-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-Og7wbVypMZgWgi0W5NAs4ZPl8r9s9npg-0-1760a2bbbc18bcc6d214f73c37fb28a4)
图4-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-udS4lkYMIz6XanqpBzhzDqynpMB5AoVy-0-081a93c8700d407c9e931dc7ea4161b3)
图4-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-wj7HgEkEuMEaqD69lzVu3ZDyWQY36dA9-0-6d2af805dff47912c3da4c7dea8183b0)
图4-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0071_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-P4ZusmZCjOn2nQfykn0T5HnTol1hOKGQ-0-cfcc9b44734319a36e2d3a143c987c2f)
图4-6
第五掌 黑虎入洞(
)火风鼎
鼎,因鼎卦的卦面形状与鼎相像。下巽()上离(
),巽为木,离为火,木上生火,有烹饪之象。
1.两臂上举
身体右转,直腿直立,重心称至两腿之间。同时右拳变掌,于额前上举,左掌贴右小臂外侧上穿成两腕交叉,掌心朝前,虎口朝两侧。目前上视。(图5-1)
2.两臂平展
重心右移,右腿屈膝半蹲成右弓步。同时两臂落至平举,右掌成拳,拳心朝前,拳眼朝上。左掌心朝前,虎口朝上。目右平视。(图5-2)
3.左弓撩捶
身体左转成左弓步。同时右拳由后经下向前划半圆撩捶,拳心朝左,拳眼朝上。左臂屈于体前,左手护右腕。掌心朝右,掌指朝上。目前平视。(图5-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手捋我右腕,我上提后领敌之右手后,先以左掌劈其右臂,再以右拳撩击敌之裆腹、胸部或下颚。(图5-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-4SSugUExnZVX7AovjvBc5TNDxoKbMzIV-0-b05821fdfa8131eba6b93da163045c0a)
图5-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-tp5o0BGWOHAseTWYmrJG0x0wItmUrM4C-0-17927d9db6eaabcd082e140319b0d479)
图5-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-FaoFKCwcTAjbHWZHEdJTJvmdxCzZQLs4-0-9dacbd396b137e35f8ec99a25d6dd815)
图5-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-YbMdCLk3CJrCWMBnFuQp0N3m1erJX9T8-0-cd3179c061e2abc5ecbaf73872348a1a)
图5-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-hpz1jX1cMN4KudtuwG1aa4E9gwL19neG-0-f618e58bff79a4b1b35384c1ac8a1f01)
图5-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0073_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-GVIuDPk1eGbhKfoxMdhQsdxCkzwVvHUX-0-2b7425b38fa4a532f320d3f531438e42)
图5-6
第六掌 反臂劈捶(
)天雷无妄
无妄,真实而无虚假。无妄卦义是讲天道自然规律的真实性。无妄下体震,震属阳刚,阳刚为实,就是由虚妄而变成了真实。卦体上为乾(),乾为天;下为震(
),震为雷,雷行天下能声传百里,无物不受其震动。古人认为冬季阳气潜藏,至春季阳气奋出地面而成雷。万物冬季处于冬眠状态,到春季闻雷声而惊醒,发育生芽破甲出土。这个天道自然规律是真实可见的。
1.右定心肘
左掌改扶右手背,右拳找左胸口,手背朝上,右肘自行向前击出。(图6-1)
2.退身左按
重心向后移至右足,左掌向右按。(图6-2)
3.右开花炮
右手从左肘内翻出,手背朝前向前甩出,边下落边握拳。想下中上三关,前脚掌蹬,不要想右手。(图6-3)
【技击用法】设敌侧身闪让我撩拳,我以右肘顶击敌之胸部。若敌以右拳击我头部,我以左掌按其右腕,坐身破其来势,并以右拳反捶敌之头面。(图6-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-ZzYWcCDtOve32IQKRw453D5EeMqF9tfq-0-4711878a94d6f00838936ae43559788b)
图6-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-EStwrkra9LpyFNyGrlZYW1eLZHjT8Qdh-0-30372bc4aba9dac7a802a8a7bd874357)
图6-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-ZJ74gJlb6ImfnsPyplsUiG7JGMtY90UV-0-d03455aa505d62da9b3c8a6793686332)
图6-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-34l9gx1P6DOF1Lvw11Bj3yjHqK7fLnTT-0-562790aaa10067116e7f4a0a52f502a5)
图6-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-10akQMecBkCqIkIyr7aDCB8ThfAyzygQ-0-641324665d26dd36d7cb4eec4c7cd332)
图6-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0075_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-4q61UUI4FZEMkyBlJ4AvJcA1bpmFSqfM-0-443bf47c3c27057ad15b3ce9748df827)
图6-6
第七掌 双鞭压肘(
)水风井
井卦为通达,因井水取之不尽用之不竭,养人养物无穷困之时。井卦卦体下巽()上坎(
),巽为木、为入,坎为水。古时北方于井口设一木桩,将横木吊在桩上,一端用绳索挂水桶,另一端系上石头,以中间木桩为杠杆,使两端上下运动提井水而出。巽下为桔槔之木挂桶入井之相,坎为水为提水出井之相,下巽上坎即为桔槔深入井中提水而上,可以济物。
1.右手刁捋
重心微向前移,右拳变掌,微上举,与右额齐高,翻掌向前刁捋,身体微右转。(图7-1)
2.左掸右提
左手向左下掸,右足提起。(图7-2)
3.半马滚压
右手向前、左、后研掌至心口处划个小圈后再向右后捋,左掌以外、前、右圈至胸前,右足向后落下成半马步。然后右手变勾向右后提,左掌向左前滚转推出,即左小臂边向前推边内旋。(图7-3)
【技击用法】设敌以右手抓掳我右腕,我即以右手反刁敌之右腕,并以左小臂滚压敌之右肘。(图7-4~6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-MFPXxZ6qj3cd1ZsksJ5faYoXN0tsVZqn-0-4782f53adbc3826351452dc10bf2df2d)
图7-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-u6MjqqhScDD5KSN4JkG1GVSJ2AcK3YeI-0-6e7f6f92bfbb1baf4ee1268c9d5cae75)
图7-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-7ZOi4EJsI9UA2bveT9dnEV1jsUXmaMSE-0-b85f2aa23516c4b9863269f8f38f189f)
图7-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-EG1yvTEO4JrNU293BnpG8uNUUhFGILfW-0-d855b2441bf0f5ddc98c131a3e02ba30)
图7-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-CaAN88dGJ0FUxfiRyY6merfgXapxMGeI-0-5b4e782125aaaa7db4f445e602c06655)
图7-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0077_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-KhfAB7r5aIApuDPwQ8Zyn1JImLCpHG1P-0-9b930a66a3642261ecc514ed978ef3c3)
图7-6
第八掌 朝天献肘(
)水山蹇
“蹇者,难也。”蹇为险难。蹇下艮上坎为“见险而能止”。是见险而知险,知险而能止,不去冒险。卦体下艮()上坎(
),艮为山,坎为水,坎在艮上是山上有水,水在山下可流归大江大河无所阻碍,水在山上因山峦起伏水流曲折经常受阻难行,有蹇难之相。
1.退身左刁
身体左转,重心后移至右足,左脚自退,回收成左虚步。左手刁,虎口朝前,对正对方的鼻子。目前平视。(图8-1)
2.进步拧肘
重心前移,右足向前进步,右手去抓左手腕,虎口朝后,向下压肘。(注意:练习时是抓自己的手臂,而用时则是抓对方的手臂。)然后以右肘找对方的肘,贴上后再找自己的左膝。目右下视。(图8-2)
3.侧仰扬肘
重心移左足,右足收至左足旁,同时右肘上场。如左手抓对方手腕,右手抓对方肘,则我之右肘能顶起对方掖下处。目右上视。(图8-3)
【技击用法】设敌以左手击在我头面,我以左手抓掳其腕,接着以右手抓敌左腕上部,以右肘压敌之左肘,再向上提肘将敌拿起。(图8-4~6)
收势
右足向西南落步,右肘亦落下。左脚前上一步,脚尖内扣。同时身体右转。左掌由下经前向上向右划弧,掌心朝下,掌指朝右。右臂屈于胸前,右掌心朝里,掌指朝上。右脚回收半步,全脚掌着地直膝虚立,两膝相贴。同时右掌经左小臂上面向前穿出,掌心朝上,虎口朝前。左掌位于右腋下,掌心朝下,虎口朝后,两肘相贴。目前平视,收势成老僧托钵。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0001.jpg?sign=1739302322-yZIjOL9GlxlfCF7ANhVjSH7hmuZQ4JFV-0-2139e225e4348e1e2baae7ecb067a611)
图8-1
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0002.jpg?sign=1739302322-Of7Y2lCQCkssUiWOckElNYAvBkHYFA7M-0-69c9cce85f4e2e60c0cce591c917acb5)
图8-2
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0003.jpg?sign=1739302322-2s9gX94N02ytvqYJDqOFXIXaXtxo8M5x-0-d78d69d653ad9911c2ed2d8d08fd20dd)
图8-3
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0004.jpg?sign=1739302322-b2AOPlGecSIPNMrcWCHW3RQKtRD56jxC-0-79446d60dfb6751116c9da48baaba957)
图8-4
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0005.jpg?sign=1739302322-NT8OWcmrZQOJJmu7mU5HYGdvkHd9bjfS-0-afd68e4d9da7146a0ce8d5925a13008d)
图8-5
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/9F9A90/3590484703257101/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0080_0006.jpg?sign=1739302322-ywHaU6LLGYFDHnzrDCnfGvfQUBt46jX5-0-bef50d7d5ff7f3d45f1e24ecd923925d)
图8-6