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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1739297051-V1VAc3n6A9kHRIEj1hLy4vwFfnRN7PcH-0-d014d13c33ebe749b03124a5e14a56f9)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1739297051-tAe01dpnIJlL2w0HzjClsdzCSKWI048D-0-1fba0361fd668d22a6d15782d9d93bc0)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1739297051-PXJwp6bl3AsYAB8CpiEmiOMJOsNuHUHw-0-0d53d3b9cdcd7db12c4309b229960e3e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1739297051-Jo9mYpulPd8CdJdKa2rEgkak0L2Z1o09-0-2c06dfe50392cbd2e6b64f1eb3eb64aa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1739297051-IbefKQAUPGI3eDQ8OzkmR1vwBLTFRr76-0-b98ecab5e71acbf0d2464026927b5509)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1739297051-t3cenb32YsMUF2eDod9lSsAcA7BRhPAj-0-bc939662feb6a0676c20b3bd75e3023b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1739297051-YFgroXNAFK5nhI3e2cAhIg49sK6JvMJ5-0-38d6437cb7fc426c9fddacc0faea90a9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1739297051-nwGHLiBehrPbYVtW7DIhrgrBjaegs0CT-0-891a75027b30630cbd1a31d90cf47966)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1739297051-DUlgO9HR8JMPaa5LMmGKhlx73TkHsl9M-0-8c53974d5cdcecc279eb76a403b025cc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1739297051-7LTPZtTczB0OHuS9m7qVIZEi5x9bW8ob-0-12695dfa0f30e79c827a05e7c86e67e1)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1739297051-loHeFb0cqtbyXLWj5M8K5kjuU0hikX5w-0-667bde12f2ba9f46f6f60d28d99f4766)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1739297051-wMRtGarRXNzlRV2LPqxu2ryN0Cz1CP0X-0-aca34a2d09fd122cdb50fd42ce808354)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1739297051-n71RWh9yVO3yRKL0G6JFTEAxQTY6NCW7-0-8060a205ebb115e948961ffd17a3328e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1739297051-RRSYPuSrnB9ARhIECLcBfTNYUjd8Z7E6-0-f4aae79abbbe3165dd01feac70554a3f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1739297051-F3jsflWssDr331VpgBU0P5T6rCA6qjx1-0-d94ca97d28f0d0717611d490ea523577)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1739297051-fMsny8W7W2qQbJwCKCFW3vsq79tWz4jW-0-d282cb62af023385f97ec4cb99b70000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1739297051-DnumNufjoRlSIRnfol7XbgZmpoFtN44f-0-f62487cdf0e279cc93f4cb14d1fc18b0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1739297051-4BoQRqKo6sPcKjJh7eGFbbG1Re7WUiQ1-0-1518e5dcc445ccb4b832b6642ae1e744)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1739297051-5UiDM7YhJDTTAptmoCw6X1QL5MPjOBty-0-9915088d6a7eebf8281845599c425483)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1739297051-Wa5bkeUKW871qXn1NVxylyBLiZgpgQC7-0-290e6cdfed07137f0be3084c0ac41dc2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1739297051-lEvKexSes4IFKRJ2BV2dVFst5uK5oRxk-0-77ad61e7ca1d2816c88ab1eb5cf5400a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1739297051-sBLBkstxtPUYKWx2NyC6LF797jp3FdAb-0-7afaa972cc6f095216d3a4659b265d11)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1739297051-yM5pDjklOm49jFTgGiyu5D59mtJtNjb6-0-3654a6f37a4e92c12485c50e225f2851)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1739297051-529bVe2IYN2opKYzmcEiUUkkTQCW1ROM-0-ca1a166f1360e92288a4803761669620)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1739297051-xbZqwbN3WTd195696ugNZ7cNC9hnTCkB-0-7e7c8eecbee52104662cf74f1abc43e5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1739297051-FeLr4ZQzCs7mERuN6SPseBelPNzrBiNG-0-c91174ef20331d381d483e9bd0783919)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1739297051-TNA8Nd3ngVbWaOYwo4ckj8dy9YhNjnKf-0-ad24a3824c1e81a0496b3fcdd023b39d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1739297051-Z4tGzIF7kV0zrGuW6dUVjaeo1ZEOegQT-0-e46347318a08ca42d792dce17ad21e42)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1739297051-p6PWfUjsPOFOeuxkdP1dBuLScBJzE4PP-0-44f2f405bc6f72dfb30d4f962aaabd1d)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1739297051-uihMoX06NaF0eFmePKoZmo2cIPdHapCJ-0-7eb886d4ab12c95423a3b8ab94132324)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1739297051-z36qQWoRy3gDT0rK2xPDHkfdwwqb9PPv-0-cb6542c3829255dd2bd5fe1fd0318cdf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1739297051-0E2GXjWWo1VldSECmmcQXiP2ILYPaNhL-0-b8de378828b3ff28f77b55d4040ee248)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1739297051-0VZlmw1bDURq3PaKCuin6h1b2XlDTx55-0-70756f3317d2000204309f0f4816ca29)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1739297051-y0DNcLccdolDNzENKM7eTCEIOuOoK4Kf-0-36629f6482af1205a726b040337edad9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1739297051-OqhN8LHs74T0pOa3ZPbheHkhJDs5Jv9E-0-9faef743ab2daca0d07348f0e7023d57)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1739297051-ZkECexR2ApEE8acXiDjNTnJ90xPUyDis-0-8b8348d6661bd6e8715b58ca36780c7a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1739297051-cXpVf73aoK7uq1gojFuK85MwjJ6PY5Os-0-fb7d463d16c58edb48d67934a1803e81)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1739297051-bMftNpBR13vpJKL0nbYpM1JPIIVTM2hE-0-857fb81aae8f6feda439ffa68ba259a0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1739297051-IBJzCWA6gg5IsohQfyrpmCs8C5tYGHNU-0-c742ceb06e213ce56c42dce2d194720d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1739297051-LgqWnrCsgnHCjHO4ALCONc4ozuFHuji6-0-f328bdce761eb8ce789b200c818fdc76)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1739297051-HeBkQWB9ij6rdmPCBKIt2nN6YNcL6fO8-0-7403092c5391082b3c518a1b3e8f20ca)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1739297051-7L7bzQuGehm2HJU4qW8r3YrUcubEgjAA-0-6fcfc173b772ed2081ac1212703eb4b4)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1739297051-VelX8XXxJPNGrBJAtFcooQqBEAbfpPYM-0-a0fc60d1d30867e7e3ee6917de51a3b4)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1739297051-G13g4o0QvIoQtU7x7T7UH9295YyMiCJE-0-f1f29a9f983b34aa85a8ab8df98964bd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1739297051-yQp3gQA8kQc8DRdEzUIo1ZjTOY8clcG9-0-7ef7ead40b13b79d163250cbbbce0538)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1739297051-w9ynjSLIBaZ18wGud2WPhMn2RutPoxbI-0-fe8db265571d50b786f6f0badf1fa705)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1739297051-3qtbkiFD2v4cPXAOAZ1bxveWGXGcfUnF-0-12552d77974deea52d6276eb397c9685)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1739297051-5bjnYtfHvwXIpSruMG7IGtRnxmaUEISD-0-1508ffa7865cc21045a61e85756a1045)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1739297051-3tzvo3iZdV66oI9lMQoUcfxYyPSbZBYd-0-c870c5ef8a89cd9e09766b6b84bfe441)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1739297051-eg2PLQTKf552L0McFpv4vJsXUoZsnFIM-0-1319c596556c731f85b930d75c4176eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1739297051-OlYw88qi4LlMHQRJRqMZSL66K0p4GVmW-0-58f7b2fafac777116eabbfe5d204d936)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1739297051-2lVWoUcSotMPSB2N3Vutc2xrBO7AbA2D-0-4c69ebd5a30576e735bcf852fe4b496f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1739297051-9HWR3IBeQYrdFT49p42eV4qOrVtWPHoH-0-5464bc71b75955f12720053bee8c5998)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1739297051-LcVhqxZot6OXoS7eT2jERZrveuwthHOi-0-32a3ccadbd7a38f3a610045d887ca385)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1739297051-FHxpIGC9cyIiYpjEqhWn6dv5tKpSNCNz-0-2898b5d643a64554d49749682dec1faa)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1739297051-X67FQDxNRKex0iOZ2NkpuFdawSi56VOS-0-32d2ee1c6be44edd2464c667810ea2cb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1739297051-IK1uHrzYP1o3Td3xehVSFoYQ3YqBctKr-0-befac27b653ac3902dae241727fc4b3b)