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3 钢材
3.1 钢板
常用钢板、钢带的标准摘要
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00104001.jpg?sign=1739296857-yK3YBNpJAd9hFn2C92ISX0KTmGmz2k1F-0-339ecc8f9d07c15b1c1068c3f4de97ae)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00105001.jpg?sign=1739296857-tDBOSGdLDB8gpPA6cPal06yg4wTsu9fs-0-9a244e05fe4336815fd05b5da048e957)
热轧钢板和钢带(摘自GB/T 709—2006)
表3-1-42
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00106001.jpg?sign=1739296857-h2u2qXNidcgCQJq2fvRs5LOgMYenFdeL-0-3532266d17020487cb99a6fe4ec454c3)
注:1.分类和代号如下。
按边缘状态分为:切边EC;不切边EM。
按厚度偏差种类分为:N类偏差——正负偏差相等,(本表仅编入N类偏差);A类偏差——按公称厚度规定正负偏差;B类偏差——固定负偏差为0.3mm,按公称厚度规定正偏差;C类偏差——固定负偏差为零,按公称厚度规定正偏差。
按厚度精度分为:普通精度PT.A;较高精度PT.B。
2.标准对单轧钢板按两类钢(钢类L和钢类H),分别规定钢板平面度。
钢类L:规定最低屈服强度值小于或等于460MPa,未经淬火或淬火加回火处理的钢板。
钢类H:规定最低屈服强度值大于460~700MPa,以及所有淬火或淬火加回火的钢板。
两类钢的平面度数值,见原标准。
3.钢板理论质量按密度为7.85g/cm3计算。
冷轧钢板和钢带(摘自GB/T 708—2006)
表3-1-43
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00107001.jpg?sign=1739296857-jMWHDLJ2KZBCQByRmYaVQyhnGsmxQZYm-0-18a74b304d53ebf35ed89d67545f5c47)
注:钢板理论质量按密度为7.85g/cm3计算。
钢板每平方米面积理论质量
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00108001.jpg?sign=1739296857-JC87hDfM2fvthhb0dApf6pLGl3Yb8YZ7-0-347ef23e1fcb28f8b95f6cec2f36af1d)
锅炉和压力容器用钢板(摘自GB/T 713—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00109001.jpg?sign=1739296857-McaplasXvJ73HQZkUEOl4PLkOOZmA9jT-0-6d8fbbb38b900c68c6b6f96d4d6a325e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00110001.jpg?sign=1739296857-PoDiSnSpaj8h5pdDYITf7v0vBazKTPfj-0-351e5122512ff02749ec5b8f70693c86)
连续热镀锌钢板及钢带(摘自GB/T 2518—2008)
表3-1-47 钢板及钢带的牌号及钢种特性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00111001.jpg?sign=1739296857-6mfsXrLRWpOHMLdHo4Kckqe7DY2On7JP-0-0f7743a7dbfd7adccd1f771ca41f3045)
表3-1-48 钢板及钢带的化学成分(熔炼分析)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00112001.jpg?sign=1739296857-JuoGJW6FTfNWS1wGVb47NhoLPmg2Pnh0-0-3f77474ae0fe04543b28c4102ef8dd96)
表3-1-49 钢板及钢带的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00112002.jpg?sign=1739296857-jarStwTZguzjxkdoPDaGZ9nclDnXTkX9-0-85906c98dbacd5efaff2ee6e25d6cb41)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00113001.jpg?sign=1739296857-Xs4VU4Mn3yQgV2Ok03cws0nywVsDBKky-0-c4cac631b1cb54686f9b3eb1439087aa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00114001.jpg?sign=1739296857-nWfNP7ChqkTWAXa5IulSxfiu8AKJHYWR-0-f4e977d945c1f23bb27bff29308d9264)
注:1.r表示在单轴拉伸应力作用下,试样宽度方向真实塑性应变和厚度方向真实塑性应变的比。r90是在15%应变时计算得到的,均匀延伸小于15%时,以均匀延伸结束时的应变进行计算。
2.n表示拉伸应变硬化指数。n90(或n0)值是在10%~20%应变范围内计算得到的,当均匀伸长率小于20%时,应变范围为10%至均匀伸长结束。
3.交货状态为钢板、钢带经热镀或热镀加平整(或光整)后交货。
表3-1-50 镀层种类、镀层表面结构、表面处理分类与代号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00114002.jpg?sign=1739296857-yhqt2MCI7E67PqOxdjZXsa2pWRzG7EhW-0-39a59586fdbaf8f882dd662afba14576)
表3-1-51 钢板及钢带的尺寸
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00114003.jpg?sign=1739296857-FBKvVrs4uzLY1OnMXyYHLI1j6AQufI1V-0-dc9e6effb76ca6c11d01ccc30258ae7b)
注:1.钢板及钢带的公称厚度包含基板厚度和镀层厚度。
2.纵切钢带特指由钢带(母带)经纵切后获得的窄钢带,宽度<600mm。
3.经供需双方协商也可提供其他尺寸的钢板及钢带。
不锈钢冷轧、热钢板和钢带(摘自GB/T 3280—2007、GB/T 4237—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00115001.jpg?sign=1739296857-jTYRxQx71qpzDK5AqS0mnqzrTfpp91Gi-0-1dd95edc14804363089719bf9c37941e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00116001.jpg?sign=1739296857-qZAhJx0DQOsS3TLYN20AorwS13JhUoUU-0-801d670e8dd0c4805169f498e223884b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00116002.jpg?sign=1739296857-ViS7YWgrn2q5uMNp9ZS4Q2UuUNO0EiYY-0-43dd2351dbe2d004eaa838cb377ca509)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00117001.jpg?sign=1739296857-wra6BRPxGHA38kDVQm80ZzwghQKvLos7-0-752ac39564a3cd5b10f5b166257ef557)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00117002.jpg?sign=1739296857-XWivQrtxvNvJWAI2AISgTBz82PlQArvz-0-fc5d1d35368d9194a5212413de2c580c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00118002.jpg?sign=1739296857-GuwMrjJVyYNpaSQtCb4wTC9sahVm1lFF-0-69165976d5cbcc39c9b0a1f5dd2338c4)
表3-1-57 经固溶处理的奥氏体型钢的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00119001.jpg?sign=1739296857-i2DNugaklDgsFGXIQfdn9XEBz8044PKP-0-74f26fe150b2d60a9aaed410205f9f67)
①未给出HV值的牌号,有待在生产中积累数据,以后再对本标准进行修订、补充。
注:此前,建议参照GB/T 1172进行换算。下同。
表3-1-58 经固溶处理的奥氏体·铁素体和沉淀硬化型钢的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00119002.jpg?sign=1739296857-EbSDXuGomgY3Y3kKyTiOijesqS5dMpSF-0-b560e7729bc5b7aaddd77ba63b0d900b)
①为HRB硬度值。
表3-1-59 沉淀硬化处理后的沉淀硬化型钢试样的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00120002.jpg?sign=1739296857-PADc4qayijVxqN8MFvkj4fWSsgBk2CUN-0-1963aad74c73611239112d41590b15d8)
①为推荐性热处理温度,供方应向需方提供推荐性热处理制度。
②适用于沿宽度方向的试验,垂直于轧制方向且平行于钢板表面。
注:1.根据需方指定并经时效处理的试样的力学性能应符合本表规定。
2.表中钢材厚度和断后伸长率是冷轧的数据,热轧稍有不同见原标准。
表3-1-60 经退火处理的铁素体、马氏体钢的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00121002.jpg?sign=1739296857-qd4j7YEwu14hjsXPi1VXsqUBjEoAQmQM-0-61fdc75fe927510a2ddbe9301a5f2421)
表3-1-61 冷轧钢不同冷作硬化状态钢材的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00122001.jpg?sign=1739296857-ukvTM5TdG9HS4XUthgf7MWKJQsWXC2ud-0-317e9058407f0331ea49af9f5902696c)
表3-1-62 不锈钢的热处理制度
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00122002.jpg?sign=1739296857-1l9P9ntckOu6IkJX44txTkqZGNyCE3CC-0-f1cd85a0efb5b5b45efa9fe792cb26a6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00123001.jpg?sign=1739296857-xtJyCOPNJ6UKHB1FzbrCcJz2wySDhEN1-0-f3894b8d2e77b2083c732d896a08a6de)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00124001.jpg?sign=1739296857-o2rUJvaCBchdMkTcJny6ifxeMAHUq9Z4-0-70f12d12cdf6cb729d21686a3951cb77)
注:钢板或钢带经冷轧后,可经热处理或酸洗交货,当进行光亮热处理时,可省去酸洗。据需方要求可按不同冷作硬化状态交货。对于沉淀硬化型钢的热处理,需方应在合同中注明热处理的种类,进行处理的是钢材本身还是试样。
表3-1-63 不锈钢的特性和用途
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00124002.jpg?sign=1739296857-gBpXycEXy0gka0UQ1VeY6Nce4NndLKOf-0-7634c1c3b628d7854d3cb203dafca2b9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00125001.jpg?sign=1739296857-4CfG1rJvFbXr8Pru3BK6oyvE7InFQZqS-0-b24fa011ea5dd48a104aa84f029f5a42)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00126001.jpg?sign=1739296857-Wv5fWEUSJS5QgMfG8yYxEJ7cRNXZKDqn-0-7a3382d1f1f31ef27693b5055f466c48)
耐热钢板和钢带(摘自GB/T 4238—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00127001.jpg?sign=1739296857-Y7dI8AO09cMnVdt19rbrJqFyTMvfvgOr-0-30f41d77852e6b81ba8b0a930b02cabe)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00128001.jpg?sign=1739296857-gW8wGyjxU4ybbySvYnxQXTMbTvQofvjA-0-6428600098d0d4228064cc3cb295446b)
表3-1-65 经热处理的力学性能
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00129001.jpg?sign=1739296857-gkyj6AjEBZ8yHQIW8xM3w5Vdyma18PVL-0-263b068b571dcba305d6bc2c4f31ecff)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00130001.jpg?sign=1739296857-hljTlVuMDv3tGtr5oWId0bvC4yahtpT9-0-e44c4be2d48d56ec11d82ca86c54ba93)
注:1.所有牌号的钢板、钢带的规定非比例延伸强度和硬度试验仅需方要求并在合同中注明时才进行检验。
2.几种不同硬度的试验可根据不同尺寸和状态按其中一种方法检验。
3.经固溶处理的沉淀硬化型钢(022Cr12Ni9Cu2N6Ti、07Cr17Ni7Al、07Cr15Ni7Mo2Al)的弯曲试验见原标准。4.钢板和钢带经冷轧或热轧后可经热处理及酸洗后交货,经需方同意也可省去酸洗处理。
5.表中所列为推荐性热处理温度。供方应向需方提供推荐性热处理制度。
表3-1-66 耐热钢板及钢带的热处理制度
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00131001.jpg?sign=1739296857-Txc87gC18uMDCVgJjYdWz8zaOP6lwHOx-0-dd13d28bd95cd83b32a77c55e0a869cd)
表3-1-67 耐热钢的特性和用途
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00131002.jpg?sign=1739296857-DKe9mYGKhPgoAhQBJ1uF3FUkUasxtI7u-0-4de43252e3b267084c6390f0381db9aa)
花纹钢板(摘自YB/T 4159—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00132002.jpg?sign=1739296857-uxS9EqAd9pcgCjDaawCgjAxgdJ27EWwM-0-20c78cbb6a64946fd8f51166801c8584)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00133001.jpg?sign=1739296857-VXOQMG2GjRiUD22c84CDbPfRNRCb9zt2-0-0d03a91ca56bf8ad8561d5f2c644b477)
表3-1-68
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00133002.jpg?sign=1739296857-7nvxCxOCr5EO9wu1b6slzFY0H4wrEnDu-0-348cc7dd495a50fcfe4ef7f59e4a91ac)
注:1.花纹钢板的长度为2000~12000mm,按100mm进级。宽度为600~1500mm,按50mm进级。
2.花纹钢板用钢牌号化学成分和力学性能按GB/T 700(碳素结构钢)、GB/T 712(船体用结构钢)和GB/T 4171(高耐候性结构钢)的规定供应。
3.钢板边缘状态代号:切边EC,不切边EM。
4.钢板以热轧状态交货。
5.牌号为Q215B厚度为3.0mm,宽度为1250mm,长度为2500mm的不切边扁豆形钢板标记为:BD,Q215B-3.0×1250(EM)×2500。